Grenoble, France – 24 – 25 October 2024
ENGLISH VERSION FOLLOWS
Ălections AmĂ©ricaines de 2024 â Trump/Biden : le Rematch ?
Appel Ă communications
24-25 Octobre 2024
Université Grenoble Alpes
En 2020, lâĂ©lection prĂ©sidentielle, qui a vu le DĂ©mocrate Joe Biden accĂ©der au pouvoir, a revĂȘtu un caractĂšre assez exceptionnel. Non seulement elle sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e dans un contexte hors du commun â celui de la pandĂ©mie de COVID-19, qui a eu un impact sur la campagne elle-mĂȘme, ainsi que sur les modalitĂ©s de vote (Sullivan et Stewart III 2022) â mais les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© tellement serrĂ©s dans certains Ătats (Arizona, GĂ©orgie, Pennsylvanie, Michigan, Caroline du SudâŠ) que lâannonce officielle de la victoire de Biden nâa eu lieu que le 7 novembre, soit quatre jours aprĂšs lâĂ©lection (Collinson et Reston 2020). Par ailleurs, cette situation exceptionnelle a, des semaines durant â et aujourdâhui encore â, jetĂ© un discrĂ©dit sur le rĂ©sultat final, le prĂ©sident dĂ©fait refusant de concĂ©der la victoire Ă son adversaire (Liasson 2020). Ce discrĂ©dit a culminĂ© avec lâassaut dont a fait lâobjet le Capitole, le 6 janvier 2021, jour de la certification des rĂ©sultats. Mouvement populaire menĂ© par les partisans déçus de Trump et attisĂ© par ce dernier, lâobjectif Ă©tait de renverser les rĂ©sultats au nom de la volontĂ© du peuple. Si cet Ă©vĂ©nement historique est interprĂ©tĂ© par certains comme le signe dâune attaque contre la dĂ©mocratie amĂ©ricaine, il est Ă©galement le rĂ©vĂ©lateur de tendances plus profondes qui structurent la sociĂ©tĂ© amĂ©ricaine : peur du dĂ©classement pour une partie de la population, montĂ©e du conservatisme, polarisation idĂ©ologique, Ă©mergence dâune politique basĂ©e sur des sujets liĂ©s Ă lâidentitĂ© (identity politics), etc⊠(Kydd 2021).
Quoi quâil en soit, prĂšs de quatre ans plus tard, la dĂ©mocratie amĂ©ricaine paraĂźt malmenĂ©e. Plus quâune simple Ă©lection, ce qui semble ĂȘtre en jeu en novembre 2024 est lâavenir de la dĂ©mocratie amĂ©ricaine. Ă en croire Joe Biden, « democracy is on the Ballot » (Biden in Schmidt 2024). Toutefois, cet Ă©lĂ©ment de langage nâest peut-ĂȘtre pas si Ă©loignĂ© de la vĂ©ritĂ©. En dĂ©cembre 2023, des mĂ©dias amĂ©ricains mettent en garde contre une potentielle dĂ©rive dictatoriale du pouvoir quâune seconde prĂ©sidence Trump pourrait engendrer (Tharoor 2023; Davis, Ordoñez, et Montanaro 2023). AnimĂ© par un sentiment de revanche, le principal intĂ©ressĂ© ne cache pas ses ambitions de renforcer son autoritĂ© voire son autoritarisme. Il souhaite notamment faire payer les personnes qui se sont mises en travers de son chemin, mĂȘme sâil affirme quâil ne serait dictateur « que le premier jour » (« on Day One ») de son nouveau mandat (Colvin et Barrow 2023).
LâĂ©lection de 2024 promet donc dâĂȘtre tout aussi exceptionnelle que celle de 2020. Si Donald Trump remporte la primaire rĂ©publicaine et sâimpose en novembre, il deviendrait le deuxiĂšme prĂ©sident Ă effectuer deux mandats non-consĂ©cutifs depuis Grover Cleveland (1885-1889 et 1893-1897). De mĂȘme, lâĂąge des deux candidats probables confĂšre Ă lâĂ©lection une dimension particuliĂšre. Quel que soit le vainqueur, il sera le plus vieux prĂ©sident jamais Ă©lu â 78 ans pour Trump et 82 ans pour Biden. Chez les DĂ©mocrates, cet aspect paraĂźt plus problĂ©matique et suscite des questions quant Ă la capacitĂ© de Biden Ă mobiliser la base du parti, alors quâil avait lui-mĂȘme annoncĂ© vouloir ĂȘtre un prĂ©sident de transition. Ă ce titre, il nâa pas rĂ©pondu aux attentes de lâaile plus libĂ©rale et progressiste du Parti dĂ©mocrate, dont le soutien chez les jeunes amĂ©ricains est important et non nĂ©gligeable sur le plan Ă©lectoral (E.J. Dionne Jr. 2023). Ce changement dâapproche peut sâexpliquer par plusieurs facteurs, Ă commencer par la guerre en Ukraine qui semble avoir renforcĂ© la volontĂ© de Biden de durer un peu plus dans le temps pour assurer une forme de stabilitĂ© Ă la tĂȘte de lâexĂ©cutif. Quoi quâil en soit, cette illusion de prĂ©sidence de transition a eu pour effet immĂ©diat de mettre dans lâombre la vice-prĂ©sidente amĂ©ricaine, Kamala Harris, dont la voix et le poids se sont Ă©tiolĂ©s au fil des mois, au point dâĂȘtre mĂȘme contestĂ©e par certains alors que sa nomination avait Ă©tĂ© prĂ©sentĂ©e comme un choix symbolique fort et historique (Herndon 2023).
CĂŽtĂ© rĂ©publicain, si lâĂąge de Trump nâest pas un sujet de discorde parmi ses plus fervents sympathisants, ses dĂ©boires avec la justice peuvent reprĂ©senter un frein auprĂšs de lâaile plus modĂ©rĂ©e du parti. Au-delĂ des diffĂ©rents procĂšs auxquels Trump reste confrontĂ©, sâil sortait vainqueur du scrutin en novembre prochain, il deviendrait le premier prĂ©sident mis en accusation (deux fois) Ă ĂȘtre réélu, posant ainsi la question de sa lĂ©gitimitĂ© crĂ©dibilitĂ©, et plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement du bon fonctionnement des institutions amĂ©ricaines.
Paradoxalement, il semblerait que ces deux candidats, pourtant clivants et qui ne suscitent pas lâunanimitĂ©, seront donc au rendez-vous des conventions dĂ©mocrate et rĂ©publicaine Ă lâĂ©tĂ© 2024, laissant augurer dâune nouvelle campagne gĂ©nĂ©rale tendue, voire violente, Ă lâimage de leurs dĂ©bats tĂ©lĂ©visĂ©s il y a quatre ans.
De façon plus gĂ©nĂ©rale, lâĂ©lection se joue sur un fond de guerre culturelle : le pays se cherche, se divise, et se dĂ©chire autour de sujets aussi nombreux que variĂ©s. Du droit Ă lâavortement Ă lâimmigration en passant par le droit des personnes LGBTQ+ : jamais, depuis la guerre de SĂ©cession, les Ătats-Unis nâont Ă©tĂ© aussi « dĂ©sunis », voire « fracturĂ©s » (Kaspi 2023, 347). Cela transparaĂźt au quotidien dans le blocage institutionnel qui se fait de plus en plus frĂ©quent, limitant la possibilitĂ© de compromis bipartisans sur le plan lĂ©gislatif. Il semblerait que la politique amĂ©ricaine se retrouve plus que de raison dans lâimpasse. Peuvent en tĂ©moigner les situations de menaces de shutdowns du CongrĂšs amĂ©ricain, cristallisĂ©es par les difficiles nĂ©gociations sur lâaide Ă lâUkraine ou la difficile dĂ©signation du Speaker de la Chambre des ReprĂ©sentants. Des enjeux similaires semblent se dessiner en toile de fond de la crise migratoire qui se joue Ă la frontiĂšre mexicaine, comme en tĂ©moignent les tensions gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es par les prises de position antagonistes de Joe Biden et du Gouverneur du Texas Greg Abbott (Liptak 2024). Au-delĂ mĂȘme dâun simple dĂ©saccord idĂ©ologique et lĂ©gislatif au sujet de lâĂ©pineuse question de lâimmigration aux Ătats-Unis, ce sont peut-ĂȘtre des problĂ©matiques institutionnelles plus profondes qui pourraient Ă©merger, sur fond de dissensions entre Ătat FĂ©dĂ©ral et Ătats FĂ©dĂ©rĂ©s. Cette probable paralysie politique avait Ă©tĂ© conceptualisĂ©e dĂšs 2022 par certains chercheurs amĂ©ricains en analysant les effets de la campagne prĂ©sidentielle de 2020, et en soulignant combien elle avait « rigidifiĂ© » encore plus la politique amĂ©ricaine (Sides, Tausanovitch, et Vavreck 2022).
Dans ce contexte, les Ătats-Unis se trouvent Ă la croisĂ©e des chemins, engluĂ©s dans des divisions sociĂ©tales qui se reflĂštent sur le plan politique. Si le phĂ©nomĂšne de polarisation nâest pas nouveau, il semble avoir pris une ampleur nouvelle, au point de se reflĂ©ter dans la notion de « identity politics » qui traduit ce gouffre grandissant sur de nombreux aspects culturels, comme lâexplique Lilliana Mason dans son ouvrage Uncivil Agreement : How Politics Became Our Identity (Mason 2018).
Ce colloque se posera donc la question de la signification de ce « rematch » Ă lâaune des diffĂ©rents enjeux qui Ă©maillent la campagne prĂ©sidentielle. Il semblerait que pour lâheure aucune question ne domine le dĂ©bat politique, proposant plutĂŽt lâimage dâun pays coupĂ© entre deux visions diamĂ©tralement opposĂ©es et toujours irrĂ©conciliables. Si la volontĂ© de Joe Biden de restaurer lâĂąme de lâAmĂ©rique reste dâactualitĂ©, il semblerait que la position du prĂ©sident sortant (comme le veut la tradition) soit cette fois-ci plus dĂ©fensive, sâarc-boutant sur sa volontĂ© de protĂ©ger la dĂ©mocratie amĂ©ricaine (Biden 2024). De son cĂŽtĂ©, Donald Trump, encouragĂ© par des « Maga Republicans » toujours aussi enthousiastes, et soutenu par un Parti rĂ©publicain traditionnel en manque de figure suffisamment forte pour le contester, cherchera encore une fois Ă restaurer la grandeur de lâAmĂ©rique, dans un contexte gĂ©opolitique instable oĂč ses dĂ©cisions seraient scrutĂ©es avec inquiĂ©tude. Certains de ses conseillers clament quâil serait cette fois-ci mieux prĂ©parĂ© Ă exercer la fonction prĂ©sidentielle (Ordonez 2023).
Ă travers ce colloque, les organisateurs souhaitent sâintĂ©resser Ă plusieurs sujets.
- Axe 1 : Le bilan de la prĂ©sidence Biden. Les propositions sâintĂ©ressant au mandat du prĂ©sident dĂ©mocrate et aux faits marquants qui ont ponctuĂ© ce dernier sont recherchĂ©es. Il sâagira de sâinterroger sur la politique menĂ©e par Biden, en particulier le bilan de sa politique de relance Ă©conomique incarnĂ©e par son « Build Back Better Plan ». On pourra se demander pourquoi les effets de cette politique volontariste peinent Ă ĂȘtre perçus positivement par une grande partie du peuple amĂ©ricain.
- Axe 2 : Quel projet pour le Parti rĂ©publicain ? Si Donald Trump semble avoir gagnĂ© dâavance la nomination rĂ©publicaine, comme en attestent ses victoires dans le caucus de lâIowa et les primaires du New Hampshire, et sâil peut compter sur le soutien indĂ©fectible des « Maga Republicans » qui constituent sa base, il devra nĂ©anmoins convaincre les modĂ©rĂ©s, et surtout, au-delĂ , les indĂ©pendants, sachant quâil nâa jamais remportĂ© le vote populaire. Pour ce faire, quelle stratĂ©gie va-t-il mettre en place ? Quelles idĂ©es va-t-il inclure dans son programme ? En quoi ce dernier sera-t-il diffĂ©rent de la politique quâil a menĂ©e pendant son mandat ? De façon plus gĂ©nĂ©rale, quel impact aurait une nouvelle prĂ©sidence Trump sur le Parti rĂ©publicain ?
- Axe 3 : Quels sont les enjeux Ă©lectoraux ? En 2020, lâĂ©lection de Joe Biden a Ă©tĂ© possible grĂące Ă sa victoire dans certains Ătats-clĂ©s (swing states) tels que le Michigan, lâArizona et surtout la GĂ©orgie, quâil avait reprise Ă Trump et plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement aux RĂ©publicains grĂące aux efforts sur le terrain des membres locaux du parti. Quelles sont les dynamiques qui structurent ces Ătats en 2024 ? Quâa fait le Parti dĂ©mocrate pour continuer Ă mobiliser des Ă©lectorats dĂ©cisifs pour assurer une réélection de Biden ?  Est-ce que les changements dĂ©mographiques que connaissent certains Ătats (Texas) sont susceptibles de modifier les rĂ©sultats du CollĂšge Ălectoral ? Les gouverneurs de certains Ătats du Sud ayant fortement limitĂ© lâaccĂšs au droit de vote, notamment Ă lâendroit des minoritĂ©s, quâen est-il de la crĂ©dibilitĂ© du vote et de la dĂ©mocratie amĂ©ricaine ? Les minoritĂ©s, qui avaient donnĂ© la victoire Ă Biden, dans un contexte particulier liĂ© Ă la pandĂ©mie de COVID-19, se mobiliseront-elles autant en 2024 ?
- Axe 4 : Quel rĂŽle pour les Ătats-Unis dans le monde ? La situation gĂ©opolitique actuelle Ă©tant marquĂ©e par des conflits de grande ampleur (Guerre en Ukraine, conflit israĂ©lo-palestinien, tensions dans le golfe dâAdenâŠ), comment les deux candidats Ă la prĂ©sidence se positionnent-ils sur ces enjeux ? Entre tradition internationaliste vacillante et isolationnisme dĂ©mesurĂ©, Biden et Trump semblent incarner deux politiques Ă©trangĂšres diamĂ©tralement opposĂ©es. Face Ă la montĂ©e en puissance de la Chine, le rĂŽle des Ătats-Unis est de plus en plus remis en question et se pose ainsi le rĂŽle du pays sur la scĂšne internationale. Les lignes de force traditionnelles ont Ă©tĂ© mises Ă mal par la guerre en Ukraine, et lâhĂ©gĂ©monie militaro-diplomatique des Ătats-Unis semble dĂ©sormais moins forte que par le passĂ©, notamment sur les continent africain et sud-amĂ©ricain.
- Axe 5 : Des communications pourront Ă©galement sâintĂ©resser aux questions plus institutionnelles, et en particulier au rĂŽle que joue la Cour SuprĂȘme Ă travers des dĂ©cisions de grande ampleur, comme la fin de la protection constitutionnelle du droit Ă lâavortement ou la remise en question du principe de discrimination positive. Lâarticulation entre les trois pouvoirs sera au cĆur des prĂ©occupations durant les quatre annĂ©es Ă venir. Au vu des derniĂšres dĂ©clarations de Trump, risque-t-on dâassister Ă un retour de la « prĂ©sidence impĂ©riale » ?
Lâambition de ce colloque est Ă©galement de faire dialoguer les disciplines. Les propositions empruntant Ă la civilisation, Ă lâhistoire, Ă la science politique, et aux relations internationales sont les bienvenues.
Les propositions sont Ă envoyĂ©es dâici le 15 juin 2024 Ă lâadresse des deux organisateurs (gregory.benedetti@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr et Ă pierre-alexandre.beylier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr )
Les communicants recevront une rĂ©ponse dâici le 10 juillet 2024.
American Elections 2024 – Trump/Biden: the Rematch?
Call for papers
October 24-25, 2024
Grenoble Alpes University
In 2020, the presidential election that saw the Democrat Joe Biden rise to power took on a rather exceptional character. Not only did it take place in an unusual context â that of the COVID-19 pandemic, which had an impact on the campaign itself, as well as on voting procedures (Sullivan and Stewart III 2022) â but the results were so close in some states (e.g. Arizona, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Michigan, South Carolina…) that the official announcement of Bidenâs victory did not occur until November 7, four days after the election (Collinson and Reston 2020). Moreover, for weeks â and even today â this exceptional situation discredited the final result, with the defeated president refusing to concede victory to his opponent (Liasson 2020). This discredit culminated in the assault on the Capitol on January 6, 2021, the day the results were certified. This grassroots movement led by disappointed Trump supporters was fanned by Trump himself. Its aim was to overturn the results in the name of the will of the people. While this historic event is interpreted by some as a sign of an attack on American democracy, it is also indicative of deeper trends that have been shaping American society: fear of downgrading for a part of the population, rising conservatism, ideological polarization, the emergence of identity politics, etcâŠ. (Kydd 2021).
Be that as it may, nearly four years on, American democracy seems to be in a bad position. More than just an election, what seems to be at stake in November 2024 is the future of American democracy. According to Joe Biden, âdemocracy is on the Ballotâ (Biden in Schmidt 2024). However, this line of argument may not be so far from the truth. In December 2023, American media outlets warned of a potential dictatorial drift of power that a second Trump presidency could entail (Tharoor 2023; Davis, Ordoñez, and Montanaro 2023). Driven by a sense of revenge, Trump himself makes no secret of his ambitions to reinforce his authority and even his authoritarianism. In particular, he wants to make those who stand in his way pay, even though he claims he will only be a dictator âon Day Oneâ of his new term (Colvin and Barrow 2023).
The 2024 election promises to be just as exceptional as the 2020 one. If Donald Trump wins the Republican primary and takes office in November, he will become the second president to serve two non-consecutive terms since Grover Cleveland (1885-1889 and 1893-1897). Similarly, the age of the two likely candidates gives the election a particular dimension. Whoever wins, they will be the oldest president ever elected â 78 for Trump and 82 for Biden. As far as Democrats are concerned, this aspect seems more problematic and raises questions about Bidenâs ability to mobilize the partyâs base, even though he had announced himself that he intended to be a transitional president. As such, he has failed to meet the expectations of the more liberal and progressive wing of the Democratic Party, whose support among young Americans is significant and matters electorally (E.J. Dionne Jr. 2023). This change in approach can be explained by several factors, starting with the war in Ukraine, which seems to have reinforced Bidenâs desire to last a little longer in order to ensure a form of stability at the head of the executive branch. Be that as it may, this illusion of a transitional presidency has had the immediate effect of overshadowing the American Vice-President, Kamala Harris, whose voice and weight have waned over the months, to the point of being contested by some, even though her nomination had been presented as a strong and historic symbolic choice (Herndon 2023).
On the Republican side, while Trumpâs age is not a bone of contention among his most fervent supporters, his troubles with the law may represent an obstacle among the more moderate wing of the party. In addition to the various lawsuits that Trump is still facing, if he were to win the election in November, he would become the first president who has been impeached (twice) to be re-elected, raising the question of his credibility and, more generally, the proper functioning of American institutions.
Paradoxically, it would seem that these two candidates, who are not unanimously agreed upon, will be at the Democratic and Republican conventions in the summer of 2024, auguring another tense, even violent, general campaign, reminiscent of their televised debates four years ago.
More generally, the election is being played out against a backdrop of cultural war: the country is going through an identity crisis, dividing and tearing itself apart over many different subjects. From abortion rights to immigration and the rights of LGBTQ+ people: never since the Civil War has the United States been so âdisunitedâ, even âfracturedâ (Kaspi 2023, 347). This is mirrored in the institutional gridlock that is becoming more and more frequent, limiting the possibility of bipartisan compromise on the legislative front. It would seem that American politics is more than ever at an impasse. This is evidenced by the threat of shutdowns in the US Congress symbolized by the difficult negotiations on aid to Ukraine or the struggle to appoint a Speaker in the House of Representatives. Similar issues seem to be emerging as a migration crisis is looming on the Mexico/US border, reflected in the antagonistic positions of Joe Biden and Texas Governor Greg Abbott (Liptak 2024). Beyond a simple ideological and legislative disagreement, what emerges in the backdrop is also, potentially, an institutional crisis symbolized by tensions between the Federal government and Statesâ governments. The political paralysis fostered by this situation had already been conceptualized by some American researchers in 2022 in their analysis of the effects of the 2020 presidential campaign in which they emphasized how it had ârigidifiedâ and âcalcifiedâ American politics even further (Sides, Tausanovitch, and Vavreck 2022).
Against this backdrop, the United States finds itself at a crossroads, mired in societal divisions that are mirrored on the political stage. While the phenomenon of polarization is not new, it seems to have taken on new dimensions, to the point of being encapsulated in the notion of âidentity politicsâ, which reflects this widening gap in many cultural issues, as Lilliana Mason explains in her book Uncivil Agreement: How Politics Became Our Identity (Mason 2018).
This symposium will therefore reflect on what this ârematchâ means in the light of the various issues peppering the presidential campaign. For the time being, no single issue ostensibly dominates the political debate, proposing instead the image of a country split between two diametrically opposed and still irreconcilable visions. While Joe Bidenâs desire to restore Americaâs soul remains relevant, it would seem that the outgoing presidentâs position (as is tradition) is more defensive this time, as he insists on protecting American democracy (Biden 2024). For his part, Donald Trump, encouraged by the ever-enthusiastic âMaga Republicansâ and supported by a traditional Republican Party in need of a strong-enough figure to challenge him, will once again seek to make America great again, in an unstable geopolitical context where his decisions will be anxiously scrutinized. Some of his advisors claim that this time he will be better prepared to assume the presidential position (Ordonez 2023).
Through this symposium, the organizers wish to focus on several topics.
- Theme 1: The Biden presidency. Proposals focusing on the Democratic presidentâs term of office and the key events that punctuated it are sought. The focus will be on Bidenâs policies, in particular his economic stimulus policy embodied in his âBuild Back Better Planâ. We may wonder why the effects of this proactive policy are not being perceived positively by a large portion of the American people despite some obvious results that helped the US recover from the economic downturn triggered by the pandemic.
- Theme 2: What project for the Republican Party? If Donald Trump seems to have won the primaries beforehand, as evidenced by his victories in the Iowa caucus and the New Hampshire primary, and if he can count on the unfailing support of his âMaga Republicanâ base, he will nevertheless have to convince the moderates, and above all, the independents, bearing in mind that he has never won the popular vote. To do this, what strategy will he put in place? What ideas will he include in his program? How will it differ from the policies he pursued during his term of office? More generally, what impact would a new Trump presidency have on the Republican Party?
- Theme 3: What are the electoral stakes? In 2020, Joe Bidenâs election was made possible by his victory in key swing states such as Michigan, Arizona and Georgia, which he took back from Trump and more generally from the Republicans thanks to the on-the-ground efforts of local party members. What are the dynamics structuring these states in 2024? What has the Democratic Party done to continue mobilizing decisive electorates to ensure Bidenâs re-election? Are demographic changes in certain states (e.g. Texas) likely to alter the Electoral College results? What about the credibility of the vote and of American democracy, given that the governors of some Southern states have severely restricted access to the vote, particularly for minorities? Will minorities, who had given victory to Biden in a particular context linked to the COVID-19 pandemic, mobilize as much in 2024?
- Theme 4: What role for the United States in the world? With the current geopolitical situation marked by large-scale conflicts (e.g. the war in Ukraine, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, tensions in the Gulf of Aden, etc.), what are the two presidential candidatesâ positions on these issues? Between a wavering internationalist tradition and overt isolationism, Biden and Trump seem to embody two diametrically opposed foreign policies. In the face of Chinaâs rise to power, the role of the United States has been increasingly called into question, raising the question of the countryâs role on the international stage. Traditional lines of force have been challenged by the war in Ukraine, and the military-diplomatic hegemony of the United States no longer seems as strong as it used to be, particularly on the African and South American continents.
- Theme 5: Papers may also address more institutional issues, and in particular the role played by the Supreme Court in such far-reaching decisions as the end of constitutional protection of the right to abortion, or the questioning of the principle of affirmative action. The articulation between the three powers will be at the heart of concerns over the next four years. Given Trumpâs latest statements, are we in danger of seeing a return to the âimperial presidencyâ?
The aim of this symposium is also to encourage dialogue between disciplines. Proposals borrowing from American studies, history, political science, and international relations are welcome.
Proposals must be sent by June 15, 2024 to the addresses of the two organizers (gregory.benedetti@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr and pierre-alexandre.beylier@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr).
People will receive a response by July 10, 2024.
Références
Biden, Joe. « Remarks by President Biden on the Third Anniversary of the January 6th Attack and Defending the Sacred Cause of American Democracy | Blue Bell, PA ». https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2024/01/05/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-third-anniversary-of-the-january-6th-attack-and-defending-the-sacred-cause-of-american-democracy-blue-bell-pa/ (consulté le 31 janvier 2024).
Cebul, Brent, Lily Geismer, et Mason B. Williams, éd. 2019. Shaped by the State: Toward a New Political History of the Twentieth Century. Chicago London: The University of Chicago Press.
Collinson, Stephen, et Maeve Reston. 2020. « Biden defeats Trump in an election he made about character of the nation and the President ». CNN, 7 novembre 2020. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/11/07/politics/joe-biden-wins-us-presidential-election/index.html.
Colvin, Jill, et Bill Barrow. 2023. « Trumpâs Vow to Only be a Dictator on âDay Oneâ Follows Growing Worry over his Authoritarian Rhetoric ». The Associated Press, 8 dĂ©cembre 2023. https://apnews.com/article/trump-hannity-dictator-authoritarian-presidential-election-f27e7e9d7c13fabbe3ae7dd7f1235c72.
Davis, Susan, Franco Ordoñez, et Domenico Montanaro. 2023. « Trump Plans A More Radical Second Term ». NPR, 7 décembre 2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/12/05/1197958352/trump-plans-second-term.
Herndon, Astead W. 2023. « In Search of Kamala Harris ». The New York Times, 10 octobre 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/magazine/kamala-harris.html.
Kaspi, AndrĂ©. 2023. Mes chroniques amĂ©ricaines: de Pocahontas Ă Joe Biden, 20 moments clĂ©s de lâhistoire des Ătats-Unis. Paris: Ăditions de lâObservatoire.
Kydd, Andrew H. 2021. « Decline, Radicalization and the Attack on the US Capitol ». Violence: An International Journal 2 (1): 3â23. https://doi.org/10.1177/26330024211010043.
Liasson, Miara. 2020. « Why President Trump Refuses To Concede And What It Might Mean For The Country ». NPR, 18 novembre 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/11/18/936342902/why-president-trump-refuses-to-concede-and-what-it-might-mean-for-the-country.
Liptak, Adam. 2024. « Supreme Court Backs Biden in Dispute With Texas Over Border Barrier ». The New York Times, 22 janvier 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/22/us/politics/supreme-court-texas-border-barbed-wire.html.
Mason, Lilliana. 2018. Uncivil Agreement: How Politics Became Our Identity. Chicago (Ill.): University of Chicago press.
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| Comité organisateur/Organizing Committee Gregory Benedetti (ILCEA4-Université Grenoble-Alpes) et Pierre-Alexandre Beylier (ILCEA4-Université Grenoble-Alpes). | |
| Comité Scientifique/Scientific Committe | |
| Julie Assouly, UniversitĂ© dâArtois CĂ©lia Belin, European Council on Foreign Relations Gregory Benedetti, UniversitĂ© Grenoble-Alpes Pierre-Alexandre Beylier, UniversitĂ© Grenoble-Alpes Elsa Devienne, Northumbria University ClĂ©a FortunĂ©, UniversitĂ© Sorbonne Nouvelle | Frederick Gagnon, UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă MontrĂ©al Lauric Henneton, UniversitĂ© Paris Saclay Robert Mason, University of Connecticut RaphaĂ«l Ricaud, UniversitĂ© Montpellier-Paul ValĂ©ry Jean-Baptiste Velut, UniversitĂ© Sorbonne Nouvelle Isabelle Vagnoux, Aix-Marseille UniversitĂ© |
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